LINUX: OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM.

Linux is a family open source operating system based on Linux Kernel. Linux distribution is the collection of different software on Linux Kernel. Many distributions (shortly named as Distro) are available. Most popular distros of Linux are Red hat, Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint Maze and many.

Linux is a full black screen where we need to just type commands, and in return, our system gives us the output.Linux is preferred by most of the software programmers because it respects privacy, it is for free,it is perfect for programmers.

Linux Distros For Beginners

Linux comes in many different forms, known as ‘distros’.

1) Ubuntu

Ubuntu is one of the leading Linux distributions. New versions of Ubuntu are available every six months.

https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop

2) CentOS

CentOS is a community offshoot of the Enterprise version of Red Hat Linux.and its focus is on stability rather than constant.

updates.https://www.centos.org/download/

3) Linux Mint Mate

Linux Mint Mate is a great Linux distro if you are looking for something to run your older computers.It can run smoothly on computers. It is based on Ubuntu.

https://blog.linuxmint.com

4) Red Hat Linux

Red Hat Linux is also one of the famous open source operating system.If you are some one who are interested in learning Red Hat,you can definitely install and run it.

Now, we have to install any one of the linux distro in our virtual machine and run Linux commands.

https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhel/download

Here I will list some basic interesting commands:

1. pwd :

pwd stands for Print Working Directory. It prints the path of the working directory, starting from the root.$PWD is an environment variable which stores the path of the current directory. It is used to output the path of the current working directory.

2. ls :

ls is used to list contents of the directory.

3. cd :

cd command in linux known as change directory command. It is used to change current working directory.

4. mkdir :

mkdir command in Linux allows the user to create directories. This command can create multiple directories at once as well as set the permissions for the directories. It is important to note that the user executing this command must have enough permissions to create a directory in the parent directory, or he/she may receive a ‘permission denied’ error.

5. rmdir :

rmdir command is used remove empty directories from the file system in Linux. The rmdir command removes each and every directory specified in the command line only if these directories are empty. So if the specified directory has some directories or files in it then this cannot be removed by rmdir command.

6. cat :

cat command is very frequently used in Linux. It reads data from the file and gives their content as output. It helps us to create, view, concatenate files.

7. touch :

touch command is used to create, change and modify timestamps of a file. Basically, there are two different commands to create a file in the Linux system which is as follows:

• cat command : It is used to create the file with content.
• touch command: It is used to create a file without any content. The file created using touch command is empty. This command can be used when the user doesn’t have data to store at the time of file creation.

8. rm :

rm command is used to remove objects such as files, directories, symbolic links and so on from the file system.By default it doesn't remove directories. This command normally works silently and you should be very careful while running rm command because once you delete the files then you are not able to recover the contents of files and directories.

9.man :

man command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal. It provides a detailed view of the command.

10. clear :

clear command is used to clear the terminal screen. This command first looks for a terminal type in the environment and after that, it figures out the term info database for how to clear the screen. And this command will ignore any command-line parameters that may be present.

11.exit :

exit command is used to exit the shell where it is currently running. It returns the status of last command that is executed.

The following commands are the basic Linux commands.There are many other commands which are used in Linux on daily basis.but,first one should be aware of the above commands with the flags under it.I will come up with more flags under them and other commands in my next blog.